새벽 세 시
단단한 어둠이
밤을
내리찍고
있다
허공에
걸려 있는
칠흑의 도끼
밤은
비명을 치며
깨어지고
빛나는 적막이
눈을
말똥처럼
뜨고 있다
-홍해리-
좋은글 감사합니다
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Bryan Adams – Heaven
Fear – A Dictator’s Tool
Fear – A Dictator’s Tool
David M. Crane
JANUARY 29, 2019 04:47:12 PM
Edited by: Tim Zubizarreta | U. Pittsburgh School of Law, US
JURIST Guest Columnist David M. Crane of the Syracuse University College of Law discusses the role that fear plays in government…
Thomas Jefferson is reported to have said:
“When government fears the people, there is liberty. When the people fear the government, there is tyranny.”
I have investigated and prosecuted dictators and their henchmen for most of my professional life. I have studied their lives, personalities, their rise to power and how they governed once achieving that power. The one common theme in their theories of governance is fear.
It is easier to govern and dictate to citizens through fear.
As Hannah Arendt wrote in her book, The Origins of Totalitarianism: “A fundamental difference between modern dictatorships and all other tyrannies of the past is that terror is no longer used as a means to exterminate and frighten opponents, but as an instrument to rule masses of people who are perfectly obedient.” The infamous dictators of the twentieth century, such as Stalin, Hitler, and Mao Tse-tung among others, understood this all too well.
Their theory was that a frightened populace will allow their government to take drastic measures to protect them without protest, usually from perceived evil that threatens their society or country externally.
This object, person or peoples, religion or culture which focuses their fear is what I call their boogeyman. These boogeymen threaten their way of life and only the men in power have the capacity to address the threat.
In a perverse way they tell their frightened citizens “We may have to take away your liberties, even kill some of you, to protect you from that boogeyman.”
Over ninety million of those frightened citizens died at the hands of their own dictatorial governments in the twentieth century.
As the twentieth century morphed into the twenty-first century mankind pushed back and began to hold dictators, tyrants, and thugs accountable. With the advent of modern international criminal law, mankind created international courts and tribunals, which include a permanent international criminal court, to seek justice for victims of those who rule by fear.
This movement lasted around twenty-five years. This age of accountability is wavering today.
With a rapidity that was shocking, this age of accountability gave way to the age of the strongman.
International order and cooperation also gave way to a new populism that rejected the concept of international peace and security through the United Nations Charter for a more inward domestic nationalism, not seen since the late 1920’s and the early 1930’s.
The rise of strongmen across the globe in the past several years in Russia, China, Syria, Iran, Israel, Turkey, Venezuela, Hungary, the Philippines along with other longer term dictatorships from the twentieth century, has been astonishing and threatens the global order put in place after the Second World War.
Even the cornerstone country of that world order, the United States, is toying with this populism.
In similar ways, each of the modern era strongmen rose to power and maintained that power through a boogeyman, that proverbial threat from the outside. They stoke a real or imagined fear of holding up that threat in order to remain in power and to get their frightened citizens to acquiesce.
Why do they all consistently use fear as their modus operandi? Because it works…almost every time.
Our current President, a distant and envious admirer of these strongmen campaigned on this populism and once in power began manufacturing existential threats by Muslims, brown people of all sorts, terrorists and rapists all clamoring to “invade” us along our southern border. Hence “the wall” that had frozen our federal government in place until recently (and reportedly may do so again).
To counter his boogeyman, this President is threatening to invoke emergency powers and step around the people’s branch, our Congress, to get what he wants.
Having studied tyranny in all it’s aspects, most dictators begin to seize absolute power by using the law to invoke emergency powers to protect the citizens from the proverbial outside boogeyman.
The problem is the emergency which justified the seizure of power “remains” and the dictator places a stranglehold around the liberties of the populace which tightens until they wake up one morning with that liberty gone.
Fear can also be a good thing. It sharpens one’s focus and brings a populace together to fight against the threat.
We are not at the point in this country where we are hapless. The Constitution, as the great gyroscope that provides balance for our Republic from any challenges that rock our government back and forth, should be our rallying point to counter this President’s fear mongering.
We should not be afraid to step forward under law to stop this madness.
Nelson Mandela had it right: “I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.”
David M. Crane was the Founding Chief Prosecutor of the International War Crimes Tribunal in West Africa, called the Special Court for Sierra Leone. He is the Founder of the Syrian and Yemeni Accountability Projects and Principal of Justice Consultancy, LLC. Professor Crane is also a Distinguished Scholar in Residence at Syracuse University College of Law.
Suggested citation: David M. Crane, Fear – A Dictator’s Tool, JURIST – Academic Commentary, Jan. 29, 2019, http://jurist.org/forum/2019/01/crane-fear-dictators-tool/
This article was prepared for publication by Tim Zubizarreta, a JURIST Staff Editor. Please direct any questions or comments to him/her at commentary@jurist.org
Opinions expressed in JURIST Commentary are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of JURIST’s editors, staff, donors or the University of Pittsburgh.
Information 감사합니다
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ALL THESE THINGS WILL BE GIVEN
ALL THESE THINGS WILL BE GIVEN
But
seek first
his kingdom
and
his
righteousness,
and
all these things
will be given
to you
as well.
Therefore
do not
worry about
tomorrow,
for
tomorrow will
worry about
itself.
Each day
has enough
trouble of
its own.
Matthew 6: 33-34
너희는 먼저
그의 나라와
그의 의를
구하라
그리하면
이
모든 것을
너희에게
더하시리라
그러므로
내일 일을 위하여
염려하지 말라
내일 일은
내일 염려할
것이요
한 날
괴로움은
그 날에 족하니라
마태복음 6: 33-34
Holy BIBLE
New International Version (NIV)
성경/개역개정
***
LLCN
http://www.loaloachristiannetwork.com/
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찔레꽃은 피고
찔레꽃은 피고
이웃
가게들이
다 불을 끄고
문을 닫고 난
뒤까지도
그애는
책을 읽거나
수를 놓으면서
점방에 앉아
있었다.
내가
멀리서 바라보며
서 있는 학교 마당가에는
하얀 찔레꽃이 피어
있었다.
찔레꽃 향기는
그애한테서 바람을 타고
길을 건넜다.
꽃이 지고
찔레가 여물고
빨간 열매가
맺히기 전에
전쟁이 나고
그애네 가게는
문이 닫혔다.
그애가 간 곳을
아는 사람은
없었다.
오랫동안
그 애를 찾아
헤매었나 보다.
그리고
언제부턴가
그 애가 보이기
시작했다.
강나루 분교에서,
아이들 앞에서
날렵하게 몸을 날리는
그애가 보였다.
산골읍 우체국에서,
두꺼운 봉투에 우표를
붙이는 그애가
보였다.
활석 강산
뙤약볕 아래서,
힘겹게
돌을 깨는
그애가 보였다.
서울의
뒷골목에서,
항구의
술집에서,
읍내의
건어물점에서,
그애를
거듭 보면서
세월은 가고,
나는 늙었다.
엄마가 되어 있는,
할머니가 되어 있는,
아직도
나를 잊지 않고 있는
그애를 보면서
세월은 가고,
나는 늙었다
하얀 찔레꽃은 피고,
또 지고.
-신경림-
좋은글 감사합니다
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Justin Bieber anyone
고향 찔레꽃
Resist devil, Standing Firm in the Faith
Resist devil, Standing Firm in the Faith
Cast
all your anxiety
on him
because
he cares for
you.
Be alert
and
of sober
mind.
Your
enemy
the devil prowls
around
like
a roaring
lion
looking for
someone to
devour.
Resist him,
standing firm
in the faith,
because
you know that
the family of
believers
throughout
the world
is
undergoing
the same kind
sufferings.
1 Peter 5:7-9
너희 염려를
다 주께 맡기라
이는
그가 너희를
돌보심이라
근신하라
깨어라
너희
대적 마귀가
우는 사자 같이
두루 다니며
삼킬 자를
찾나니
너희는
믿음을 굳건하게
하여
그를
대적하라
이는
세상에 있는
너희 형제들도
동일한 고난을
당하는 줄을
앎이라
베드로전서 5:7-9
Holy BIBLE
New International Version (NIV)
성경/개역개정
***
LLCN
http://www.loaloachristiannetwork.com/
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목숨
목숨
천천히
걸어가는 사람에겐
보입니다
하루살이의
춤
사금파리의
눈물
천천히
걸어가는 사람들은
봅니다
웅덩이 물거울에
흘러가는 구름
몇 점
천천히
걸어가는 사람들만
봅니다
순하게 밟히고
쉽게 뽑히는
벽돌공장 빈터에
무성한
풀들.
-서경온-
좋은글 감사합니다
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